A Combined Dual Leader and Relay Node Selection for Markov Cluster Based WSN Routing Protocol

The major challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to increase the node’s lifespan and decrease energy utilization. To avoid this issue, many Clustering Routing Protocols (CRPs) have been developed, where Cluster Head (CH) in each cluster accumulates the data from each other node and transfers it to the sink through Relay Nodes (RNs). But both CHs and RNs dissipate more energy to aggregate and transfer data. As a result, it is vital to choose the appropriate CHs and RNs concurrently to reduce energy utilization. Hence, this article proposes a Weighted Markov Clustering with Dual Leader and Relay node Selection based CRP (WMCL-DLRS-CRP) in WSNs. This protocol aims to lessen energy dissipation during inter- and intra-cluster communication. Initially, a Markov Clustering (MCL) algorithm is applied by the sink to create nodes into clusters based on a threshold distance. Then, a dual leader selection scheme is proposed to elect dual CHs in each cluster according to the node weighting factor that considers the node’s remaining energy, the distance between CHs and sink, the distance among all nodes, and abundance. Also, an RN selection scheme is proposed to choose the appropriate RNs based on a new Predicted Transmission Rate (PTR) factor. Moreover, the elected RNs transfer the data from the CHs to the sink, resulting in a tradeoff between the node’s energy utilization and lifetime. At last, extensive simulations illustrate that the WMCL-DLRS-CRP achieves better network performance compared to the existing protocols

EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF JALOUKAVACHARANA AND SIRAVYADHANA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VATARAKTA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Vatarakta is the illness that exhibits different signs and symptoms based upon the Dosha, Utthana and Gambheera Avastha. Dietary habits and life style modalities play a major role in the causation of Vatarakta. Though various remedies are there to treat it, Raktamokshana is said to be an effective, and standard technique. Hence it is claimed to be an important affective tool in the management of Vatarakta. This study is undertaken to explore and compare the efficacy of Jaloukavacharana and Siravyadhana in Vatarakta. Randomized comparative clinical trial was adopted in this study. 40 subjects fulfilling diagnostic and inclusion criteria were selected and divided into two groups. The day on which the procedure was conducted was considered as first day of the trail. Follow up was on 8th & 15th day. Total duration of Study was 15 days. In both the group there is a significant improvement of subjective and objective symptoms except on Vaivarnya. The collected data is statistically analysed Jaloukavacharana is found to be more effective in the features Daha and Shopha. Siravydhana is more effective in Shoola and Vivarnya. Both the procedure shows equal effect on Sparshaasahatva. The overall results of Group A are 82.11% and Group B is 82.76%. Both the treatments are equally effective in Vatarakta. Hence alternative hypothesis H3 is proved. This simple and cost-effective treatments are painless do not require any anaesthesia. Hence it can be easily performed in OPD level on day-care basis

A clinical study of maternal outcome among pregnant mothers suffering from preeclampsia with thrombocytopenia

Background: The thrombocytopenia in preeclampsia is mild to moderate, but severe thrombocytopenia can occur. Patients with eclampsia were at even greater risk for developing severe thrombocytopenia. And more likely to have HELLP syndrome, which is a subset of preeclampsia. Thrombocytopenia is a key and necessary component of this syndrome. The objective of the present study was to observe a clinical study of maternal outcome among pregnant mothers suffering from preeclampsia with thrombocytopenia.Methods: A Hospital based Study was conducted at Mysore Medical College from January 2018 to December 20180 in the department of Obstetrics and gynecology. A total of 100 cases of Pregnancy from the records / case sheets of pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension admitted in the labor ward of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Mysore Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India.Results: Majority of the study subjects in present study were aged between 21-25 years (42%) followed by <20 years (26%). Nearly 55% of the study group were prim parous. In the above table out of 100 cases included in the study, 28 and 40 cases presented with mild and severe pregnancy induced hypertension, 8 cases were diagnosed as eclampsia and 24 cases presented with HELLP syndrome. The association between the mode of delivery and the variants of PIH was found to be statistically not significant. The Association between Mode of delivery and gestation weeks among the eclampsia cases was found to be not significant.Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy induced hypertension carries a risk for both the mother and her fetus. The associated causes like abruption, retain dead fetus, septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation aggravates the complication for thrombocytopenia

A study on pregnancy outcome in patients with first trimester vaginal bleeding

Background: Vaginal bleeding is a common obstetric problem and a cause of anxiety and worry both to patients and the Obstetrician. The common cause of bleeding in 1st trimester include various types of abortion, ectopic pregnancy and molar pregnancy. This study was conducted to assess the maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnant women who present with first trimester vaginal bleeding.Methods: A Prospective study (Longitudinal study) among pregnant women presenting with First trimester bleeding was conducted for a period from November 2017 to Jan 2019 at Mysore Medical College and Hospital 200 subjects were included into the study by Multiphasic sampling method using a structured questionnaire to collect the data.Results: The study observed that among 200 subjects who were included in the study 123 (61.5%) were non-viable pregnancy and 67 (38.5%) were viable pregnancy. Among 67 viable pregnancy only 30 (47%) had no obstetrical complications, 11 (17.1%) aborted and others had problems of PROM, Preterm labour, Placenta previa, IUGR and IUD.Conclusions: It can be concluded that first trimester bleeding is a predicting factor for obstetric and perinatal complications during pregnancy. Hence it is necessary to increase the knowledge of pregnant women in this regard for closer care. It is also important factor for clinician to be attentive towards first trimester bleeding in providing clinical interventions for the continuation of pregnancy and also reducing the fetal complications in these high-risk pregnancies

Evaluation of serum paraoxonase level and dyslipidemia in psoriasis

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disorder that is associated with oxidative stress, altered lipid metabolism and with high risk of cardiovascular events. High density lipoprotein (HDL) bound serum paraoxonase enzyme exhibits anti-atherogenic properties. It protects against the development of coronary heart disease by preventing low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. The aim of our work was to evaluate the serum paraoxonase levels and dyslipidemia in psoriasis.Methods: Present study involved 100 participants of which 50 were diagnosed cases of psoriasis and 50 were age and sex matched healthy controls, who fulfilled inclusion criteria. Serum paraoxonase (PON), and lipid profile were estimated in cases and controls. Lipid profile was estimated by using autoanalyser EM 200 and serum paraoxonase by spectrophotometric method.Results: Patients presented risk changes in lipid profile [(increase in triglycerides (p=0.005), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.009), very low density levels (p=0.002) and a reduction in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p≤0.001)] which were highly significant when compared to controls. Serum paraoxonase levels was decreased in psoriasis patient compared to control which was statistically highly significant (p= 0.001).Conclusions: Present data suggest that psoriasis patients must be considered as a group at risk for cardiovascular disease

Deploying Health Monitoring ECU Towards Enhancing the Performance of In-Vehicle Network

Electronic Control Units (ECUs) are the fundamental electronic building blocks of any automotive system. They are multi-purpose, multi-chip and multicore computer systems where more functionality is delivered in software rather than hardware. ECUs are valuable assets for the vehicles as critical time bounded messages are communicated through. Looking into the safety criticality, already developed mission critical systems such as ABS, ESP etc, rely fully on electronic components leading to increasing requirements of more reliable and dependable electronic systems in vehicles. Hence it is inevitable to maintain and monitor the health of an ECU which will enable the ECUs to be followed, assessed and improved throughout their life-cycle starting from their inception into the vehicle. In this paper, we propose a Health monitoring ECU that enables the early trouble shooting and servicing of the vehicle prior to any catastrophic failure.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, FCST 201

Adverse drug reactions in the department of dermatology at a tertiary care hospital: a prospective study

Background: To study cutaneous adverse drug reactions with regard to their clinical pattern. etiology, causality and severity.Methods: It was a prospective study undertaken in a 300 bedded tertiary care hospital. Patients with cutaneous ADRs presenting in Dermatology OPD were studied. Causality and severity of the adverse drug reactions were analysed and other parameters such as gender wise distribution of the ADRs and types of ADR were studied.Results: 35 cases of ADRs were enrolled for the study in the duration of Sept.2016 to May 2017. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 21-30 years (37.14%). The most common CADRs were Acne vulgaris (22.86%), followed by Fixed Drug eruption (11.43%) and Tinea cruris (8.57%). The most common class of drugs causing ADRs were topical steroids (64%), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (14.29%).Conclusions: Female preponderance was seen. Topical steroids were the most offending drug followed by Diclofenac Sodium, the analgesic. Causality assessment showed a high score of Certain category. These variations may be explained by variations in drug usage patterns. The knowledge of the adverse drug reactions and the drugs causing them is essential for the clinician so that the choice of drug therapy can be made keeping these adverse drug reactions in mind

Efficacy of structured teaching programme on home care management of pregnancy induced hypertension in primigravida mothers: a tertiary hospital study

Background: Hypertensive disease of pregnancy is one of the major causes of maternal mortality in India. 7.1% of maternal deaths are attributed to hypertension disorder of pregnancy. Early identification of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is essential for effective management of hypertensive disease of pregnancy. The study assesses the knowledge of primigravida women regarding home care management of pregnancy induced hypertension before and after administering structured teaching programme.Methods: It is a pilot study with pre-experimental study design. 30 study participants were recruited with non-probability purposive sampling of primigravida women attending antenatal clinic of maternity hospital of Petlaburj, Hyderabad. A pretested and standardized survey instrument was used for collecting socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitude and practices regarding home care management of pregnancy after obtaining informed consent before and after structured teaching intervention programme with audio-visual aids for home management of pregnancy induced hypertension.Results: 43.3% of primigravida women were 21-24 years old and 43.3% of primigravida women were 20-24 years of gestation. Mean pre-test and post-test knowledge assessment score increased by 155.2% from 13.4 to 34.2 after administration of structured teaching programme and paired-t test was carried out to test difference of means. The test reports t-test statistic of -20.7 with p-value of &lt;0.001 is highly significant.Conclusions: Evidence based guidelines adopted by Government of India should be implemented by health facilities by upgrading infrastructure, capacity building and community engagement for early identification of complications of pregnancy to seek health care services

Immunohistochemical Analysis of expression of CD 15 in various Thyroid Neoplasms.

The thyroid gland is one of the most responsive organs in the body and is a large store of hormones. The gland responds to many stimuli and is in a constant state of adaptation. Thyroid hormones regulate the body's metabolism too. They have a bearing on the heart rate, cholesterol level, body weight, energy level, muscle strength, skin condition, menstrual regularity, memory function and many other conditions [1]. Diseases of thyroid gland especially mass lesions are easily accessible and amenable to surgical treatment and cure. Thyroid malignancies represent the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. With environmental and genetic factors playing a role, there is an increase in incidence of these malignancies. Due to the dependence of thyroid on environmental iodine, it is particularly vulnerable to the genotoxic effects (DNA damage) of radioactive iodine and to the non genotoxic effects (TSH stimulation) resulting from iodine deficiency. The role of iodine is mediated through the growth stimulatory effects of high TSH levels CD 15 immunohistochemical marker is being studied as a prognostic marker for thyroid malignancies. Though only 24% of the thyroid neoplasms showed expression of CD15 in our study group, it was found to be positive in all those malignancies presenting at a higher clinical stage and also with poor prognostic indicators such as blood vessel invasion. Our study also brought out a considerable percentage of expression of CD15 in two cases of follicular adenoma, where a focus showed typical nuclear features of papillary carcinoma explaining the possibility of missing a papillary focus in an otherwise follicular adenoma. Though from our study, it is proved that CD15 can be used for prognostication and diagnosis of thyroid malignancies; a larger prospective study recruiting more number of cases is essential to prove the utility of CD 15 expression as a prognostic and diagnostic marker